Which of the following is commonly included in mortgage closing costs?

Mortgage closing costs encompass a variety of fees and expenses that are incurred during the finalization of a mortgage loan. Homeowners insurance premiums are important as they protect both the lender’s and the homeowner’s investment in the property, making it a common component of the closing costs.

Property taxes may also be included in closing costs, as lenders often require borrowers to fund an escrow account to cover these taxes. This ensures that property taxes are paid on time, which protects the lender's lien on the property.

Appraisal fees are another standard part of closing costs because lenders typically require an appraisal to determine the value of the property, ensuring that the amount of the loan is consistent with the property's value.

Therefore, all of these elements—homeowners insurance premiums, property taxes, and appraisal fees—are regularly included in mortgage closing costs, making the assertion that all of the above options are included correct. This comprehensive approach ensures that all bases are covered in the transaction, thereby protecting both the lender and the borrower.